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Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles fabricated via polymer pyrolysis route: improved functional characteristics for diverse applications

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Abstract

Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a straightforward polymer pyrolysis route. The effect of Co concentration on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the presence of anatase, rutile, and brookite phases, with the rutile phase as the dominant phase. The average crystallites size of the nanoparticles was found to be around 20–22 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed no significant changes in the absorption bands with increasing Co concentration. The images from both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the uniformity of the nanoparticles’ size and shape. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed a progressive increase in Co atomic percentage with increasing Co concentration. Magnetization analysis showed that the nanoparticles exhibited room temperature ferromagnetic behavior, with saturation magnetization, coercive field, and retentivity increasing with increasing Co concentration. The results suggest that the polymer pyrolysis technique is a controlled method for synthesizing Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced magnetic properties.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [Grant No. KFU250974]. Also, the authors express their gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2025R223), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [Grant No. KFU250974]. This work was also supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2025R223), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Shehab A. Mansour & Ashraf H. Farha

  2. Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia

    Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi & Fatemah H. Alkallas

Contributions

Conceptualization, SAM; methodology, SAM, AHF, FHA and ABGT; calculations, AHF, FHA and ABGT; validation, SAM and AHF; calculations and analysis, SAM and AHF; investigation, FHA and ABGT; writing—original draft preparation, SAM and AHF; writing—review and editing, SAM, AHF, FHA and ABGT.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shehab A. Mansour.

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Mansour, S.A., Farha, A.H., Trabelsi, A.B.G. et al. Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles fabricated via polymer pyrolysis route: improved functional characteristics for diverse applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 36, 1225 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-025-15297-7

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