National Science Open (NSO) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to disseminating influential research that significantly advances human knowledge. Covering the full spectrum of natural sciences and engineering, NSO emphasizes transformative originality and pivotal developments in both multidisciplinary areas and specific fields. The journal ensures a fair and rigorous peer-review process with expedited production timelines. In addition to original research articles, NSO publishes insightful commentaries and perspectives to engage both the academic community and the broader public. Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, NSO is published by China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. and EDP Sciences.